ez-api/internal/service/ip_ban.go

package service

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"net"
	"strings"

	"github.com/ez-api/ez-api/internal/model"
	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

var (
	ErrInvalidCIDR     = errors.New("invalid CIDR format")
	ErrCIDROverlap     = errors.New("CIDR overlaps with existing active rule")
	ErrIPBanNotFound   = errors.New("IP ban not found")
	ErrDuplicateCIDR   = errors.New("CIDR already exists")
)

// IPBanService handles global IP ban operations.
type IPBanService struct {
	db     *gorm.DB
	rdb    *redis.Client
	logger *slog.Logger
}

// NewIPBanService creates a new IPBanService.
func NewIPBanService(db *gorm.DB, rdb *redis.Client) *IPBanService {
	return &IPBanService{
		db:     db,
		rdb:    rdb,
		logger: slog.Default(),
	}
}

// NormalizeCIDR normalizes an IP or CIDR string to canonical CIDR format.
// - IPv4 addresses are converted to /32
// - IPv6 addresses are converted to /128
// - CIDR strings are validated and normalized
func NormalizeCIDR(input string) (string, error) {
	input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
	if input == "" {
		return "", ErrInvalidCIDR
	}

	// Check if it's a CIDR
	if strings.Contains(input, "/") {
		_, ipnet, err := net.ParseCIDR(input)
		if err != nil {
			return "", ErrInvalidCIDR
		}
		// Return the network base IP with mask
		ones, _ := ipnet.Mask.Size()
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ipnet.IP.String(), ones), nil
	}

	// It's a plain IP address
	ip := net.ParseIP(input)
	if ip == nil {
		return "", ErrInvalidCIDR
	}

	// Determine if IPv4 or IPv6
	if ip.To4() != nil {
		return ip.String() + "/32", nil
	}
	return ip.String() + "/128", nil
}

// CIDROverlaps checks if two CIDR ranges overlap.
func CIDROverlaps(a, b string) bool {
	_, netA, errA := net.ParseCIDR(a)
	_, netB, errB := net.ParseCIDR(b)
	if errA != nil || errB != nil {
		return false
	}

	// Check if either network contains the other's base IP
	return netA.Contains(netB.IP) || netB.Contains(netA.IP)
}

// CreateIPBanRequest represents a request to create an IP ban.
type CreateIPBanRequest struct {
	CIDR      string `json:"cidr" binding:"required"`
	Reason    string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
	ExpiresAt *int64 `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
	CreatedBy string `json:"created_by,omitempty"`
}

// UpdateIPBanRequest represents a request to update an IP ban.
type UpdateIPBanRequest struct {
	Reason    *string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
	ExpiresAt *int64  `json:"expires_at,omitempty"` // Use pointer to distinguish between "not set" and "set to null"
	Status    *string `json:"status,omitempty"`
}

// Create creates a new IP ban with validation.
func (s *IPBanService) Create(ctx context.Context, req CreateIPBanRequest) (*model.IPBan, error) {
	// Normalize CIDR
	normalized, err := NormalizeCIDR(req.CIDR)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Check for existing rule with same CIDR
	var existing model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("cidr = ?", normalized).First(&existing).Error; err == nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateCIDR
	} else if !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Check for overlapping active rules
	var activeRules []model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("status = ?", model.IPBanStatusActive).Find(&activeRules).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, rule := range activeRules {
		if CIDROverlaps(normalized, rule.CIDR) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: overlaps with %s", ErrCIDROverlap, rule.CIDR)
		}
	}

	// Create the ban
	ban := &model.IPBan{
		CIDR:      normalized,
		Status:    model.IPBanStatusActive,
		Reason:    req.Reason,
		ExpiresAt: req.ExpiresAt,
		CreatedBy: req.CreatedBy,
	}

	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(ban).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Sync to Redis
	if err := s.syncBanToRedis(ctx, ban); err != nil {
		s.logger.Error("failed to sync IP ban to Redis", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
		// Don't fail the create operation, just log the error
	}

	return ban, nil
}

// Get retrieves an IP ban by ID.
func (s *IPBanService) Get(ctx context.Context, id uint) (*model.IPBan, error) {
	var ban model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).First(&ban, id).Error; err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
			return nil, ErrIPBanNotFound
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	return &ban, nil
}

// List retrieves IP bans with optional status filter.
func (s *IPBanService) List(ctx context.Context, status string) ([]model.IPBan, error) {
	var bans []model.IPBan
	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
	if status != "" {
		query = query.Where("status = ?", status)
	}
	if err := query.Order("created_at DESC").Find(&bans).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return bans, nil
}

// Update updates an existing IP ban.
func (s *IPBanService) Update(ctx context.Context, id uint, req UpdateIPBanRequest) (*model.IPBan, error) {
	ban, err := s.Get(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	updates := make(map[string]interface{})
	if req.Reason != nil {
		updates["reason"] = *req.Reason
	}
	if req.ExpiresAt != nil {
		updates["expires_at"] = req.ExpiresAt
	}
	if req.Status != nil {
		if *req.Status != model.IPBanStatusActive && *req.Status != model.IPBanStatusExpired {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid status: %s", *req.Status)
		}
		updates["status"] = *req.Status
	}

	if len(updates) > 0 {
		if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(ban).Updates(updates).Error; err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		// Reload to get updated values
		if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).First(ban, id).Error; err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// Sync to Redis
	if err := s.syncBanToRedis(ctx, ban); err != nil {
		s.logger.Error("failed to sync IP ban to Redis", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
	}

	return ban, nil
}

// Delete removes an IP ban.
func (s *IPBanService) Delete(ctx context.Context, id uint) error {
	ban, err := s.Get(ctx, id)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove from Redis first
	if err := s.removeBanFromRedis(ctx, ban.CIDR); err != nil {
		s.logger.Error("failed to remove IP ban from Redis", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
	}

	// Delete from database (hard delete, not soft delete)
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Unscoped().Delete(ban).Error; err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// Redis key for global IP bans SET
const redisIPBansKey = "global:ip-bans"

// syncBanToRedis syncs a ban to Redis.
func (s *IPBanService) syncBanToRedis(ctx context.Context, ban *model.IPBan) error {
	if s.rdb == nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Only sync active, non-expired bans
	if ban.Status != model.IPBanStatusActive || ban.IsExpired() {
		return s.removeBanFromRedis(ctx, ban.CIDR)
	}

	return s.rdb.SAdd(ctx, redisIPBansKey, ban.CIDR).Err()
}

// removeBanFromRedis removes a CIDR from Redis.
func (s *IPBanService) removeBanFromRedis(ctx context.Context, cidr string) error {
	if s.rdb == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return s.rdb.SRem(ctx, redisIPBansKey, cidr).Err()
}

// SyncAllToRedis rebuilds the Redis SET with all active, non-expired bans.
func (s *IPBanService) SyncAllToRedis(ctx context.Context) error {
	if s.rdb == nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Get all active bans
	var bans []model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("status = ?", model.IPBanStatusActive).Find(&bans).Error; err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Filter out expired ones
	var activeCIDRs []interface{}
	for _, ban := range bans {
		if !ban.IsExpired() {
			activeCIDRs = append(activeCIDRs, ban.CIDR)
		}
	}

	// Use a pipeline to atomically replace the set
	pipe := s.rdb.Pipeline()
	pipe.Del(ctx, redisIPBansKey)
	if len(activeCIDRs) > 0 {
		pipe.SAdd(ctx, redisIPBansKey, activeCIDRs...)
	}
	_, err := pipe.Exec(ctx)
	return err
}

// ExpireOutdatedBans marks expired bans and removes them from Redis.
func (s *IPBanService) ExpireOutdatedBans(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
	// Find active bans that have expired
	var expiredBans []model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
		Where("status = ? AND expires_at IS NOT NULL AND expires_at <= ?",
			model.IPBanStatusActive,
			ctx.Value("now")). // This should be time.Now().Unix() in caller
		Find(&expiredBans).Error; err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	if len(expiredBans) == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}

	// Mark as expired
	var ids []uint
	for _, ban := range expiredBans {
		ids = append(ids, ban.ID)
	}

	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
		Model(&model.IPBan{}).
		Where("id IN ?", ids).
		Update("status", model.IPBanStatusExpired)

	if result.Error != nil {
		return 0, result.Error
	}

	// Remove from Redis
	for _, ban := range expiredBans {
		if err := s.removeBanFromRedis(ctx, ban.CIDR); err != nil {
			s.logger.Error("failed to remove expired ban from Redis", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
		}
	}

	return result.RowsAffected, nil
}

// SyncHitCounts syncs hit counts from Redis to database.
func (s *IPBanService) SyncHitCounts(ctx context.Context) error {
	if s.rdb == nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Get all active bans
	var bans []model.IPBan
	if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Where("status = ?", model.IPBanStatusActive).Find(&bans).Error; err != nil {
		return err
	}

	for _, ban := range bans {
		hitKey := fmt.Sprintf("global:ip-bans:hits:%s", ban.CIDR)

		// Get and reset the counter atomically
		count, err := s.rdb.GetDel(ctx, hitKey).Int64()
		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
			s.logger.Error("failed to get hit count from Redis", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
			continue
		}

		if count > 0 {
			// Add to database hit_count
			if err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
				Model(&model.IPBan{}).
				Where("id = ?", ban.ID).
				Update("hit_count", gorm.Expr("hit_count + ?", count)).Error; err != nil {
				s.logger.Error("failed to update hit count in database", "cidr", ban.CIDR, "err", err)
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}